I'm too lazy to read all the way back. How long do you plan to live in the house? If it's a long time and it will make you happy then paint them. If it's 5 years or less I wouldn't. GL!
I would be afraid that having everything painted black would look way too dark. Perhaps if you had super light counters, like a carrera marble, but not as is. I would try painting the walls first. I think the colors you posted might be too cool for those cabs. What about something more like BM Collingwood www.benjaminmooreonline.com/2502.html ?
I see what you mean that the black island looks out of place. Maybe you can paint the island something in the gray family if you go that way with the walls?
And you didn't ask, but look into getting rid of one of the textures in there: you have brick, tile, and granite, and it's too much visually. Paint over the brick or ditch the backsplash.
I agree with this. My tastes run pretty simple and clean lines, but I'd probably get rid of both the brick and the tile backsplash. The three don't seem to mesh.
And I concur with the others - I'd paint the walls first and then reassess.
The more that I look at it, the more I think that the backsplash and the brick are too pink and are what is making the cabinets look orange. It looks like your granite might have pink too, but it has a lot of other stuff going on that would work with other colors.
I don't think this has been suggested yet, if so, I am sorry for repeating! I would definitely paint the walls, as others have suggested. Do a warm neutral, like greige, which should mix with the cabinets and floor well but not highlight the orange of the cabinets.
Then the additional thing is to consider painting the island a different color. Since it's already painted, you wouldn't be ruining it by painting (versus painting the cabinets, much harder to undo). Perhaps a color you can pull out from the granite, or a color that coordinates with the wall color you choose (maybe two shades darker than the walls). I do think the black looks out of place and too heavy in the kitchen, especially once you lighten up the walls. I may also consider redoing the tile. We have tile similar to that in our kitchen and I feel like it doesn't add much interest.
I also think you should paint the walls first then see how you feel. I have no problem painting cabinets as we did just that this past summer. We started with the walls first then painted the cabinets then put in back splash. I really like the brick so personally I would keep it. I also like the idea of painting your cabinets white and keeping the island black. I've seen that in a lot of other decor blogs & sites.
once you paint the walls, if you still decide you need to change the cabinets: i agree that a stain on the cabinets is a better way to go. you can do a black stain (or grey/charcoal), even, so that the black island makes more sense for you (you seem to not like 2 different finishes).