I have an entry level DSLR (Canon T3). It takes excellent pictures. It was about $450.00. The only downside is that you can't just pop it into your purse and take it with you anywhere. It's big and bulky. Aside from that, I love it.
These are the digital's in my arsenal. Pentax K100D. It's a relatively cheap price point and takes great pictures. It's an entry level DSLR but has auto functions and full manual functions.
Cannon EOS Rebel T3i. More expensive than the Pentax but slightly better quality images. I really love this one, if has a sensor cleaning feature that cleans the sensor everytime that you shut it off. Operates 100% different than my Pentax (more sensitive shutter release, slightly heavier, easy to bump the settings knob if you are doing a lot of moving).
Sony Cyber-Shot Something or Other. It's 18 MP, Green, Touchscreen, Carl Zeiss Optics, LOVE IT. Seriously I use that more than anything else because it's small. But it's a PHD camera for the most part which isn't what you are looking for.
I've used a few Nikon's (D40 and D80) and I really really really don't like them. Their menus look archaic and they don't fit well in my hands but this is one of those things that those that Love Cannon generally hate Nikon.
My main cameras are higher end DSLR so not what you are looking for but my little point & shoot that has a ton of options for shooting in more of a manual mode is the Nikon Coolpix P310. it has 16.1 mp and is a great little camera for what you are looking for it to do.
Hmm, thanks ladies! I think the price range I'm looking for is around $300 to $400. I'm SO terrible at buying myself expensive things and I've wanted a new, good quality camera for a long time now. I think it's high time I take the plunge!